Course Description
Human Anatomy and Physiology II is a continuation of the study of the anatomy and physiology of humans. The anatomy and physiology of the endocrine, circulatory, immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems are studied.
Enrolment is usually limited to students in Sport Science programs.
Course Content
- The hormones of the endocrine glands will be identified, and the effects of each hormone will be studied.
- The composition and functions of the components of the circulatory and lymphatic systems will be described, including blood, the white blood cells, the tissues related to the heart, the conduction system of the heart, and major arteries and veins.
- The ABO blood groups, the Rh factor, blood pressure and pulse, and the mechanism of blood clotting will be discussed.
- The nature and roles of non-specific resistance, cellular specific immunity, and humoral specific immunity, will be described.
- The composition and functions of the major components of the respiratory system will be described. The mechanism and types of ventilation, the mechanisms of transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, and the nervous control of breathing will be discussed.
- The components of the digestive system will be described. The significance of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in nutrition and their roles in energy metabolism will be discussed.
- The biochemistry of energy metabolism will be discussed.
- The major electrolytes of the body will be described. The regulation of the electrolyte composition and the regulation of fluid balance will be discussed.
- The components of the excretory system will be examined. The functioning of the nephron in the manufacture of urine will be discussed.
- The male and female reproductive structures will be identified and the functioning of the reproductive system will be described.
- Human embryonic development will be studied. Fetal development, labour and lactation will be studied.
- The principles of genetics, as they apply to humans, will be examined. Modes of inheritance, common genetic disorders, and amniocentesis will be discussed.
- Foetal pig dissections will be studied, with particular reference to the respiratory, digestive, cardiovascular, excretory, and reproductive systems.
Methods Of Instruction
This course involves four hours per week of classroom instruction and two hours per week of laboratory activity. Classroom work will consist of lectures, tutorials, and work in small groups.
Means of Assessment
Evaluation will be carried out in accordance with the Douglas College Evaluation Policy. The instructor will present a written course outline with specific evaluation criteria at the beginning of the semester. Evaluation will be based on the following:
| Evaluation |
Marks |
| Class tests and assignments |
15-25 |
| Laboratory assignments and quizzes |
5-15 |
| Laboratory examination - final |
10-15 |
| Comprehensive examination - midterm |
25-35 |
| Comprehensive examination - final |
25-35 |
| TOTAL |
100 |
Notes:
1. Laboratory Experiments and Activities
Laboratory work will be assigned each week. The laboratory work must be completed in the week it is assigned. Laboratory experiments and assignments are a compulsory component of this course. A minimum of 50% of the laboratory experiments and assignments must be completed to receive a P or better in the course.
2. Examinations
There will be one midterm and one final examination. The final examination will cover the entire course. If the student achieves a better grade on the final exam than on the midterm examination, the midterm grade will be raised to equal that of the final examination.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of Biology 1209, the student will be able to:
- Describe the glands of the endocrine system and name and specify the function of all major hormones.
- Describe the structure and functions of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems.
- Describe the origin, composition, and functions of blood.
- Describe the basis of the ABO blood groups and explain the significance of this to blood transfusions.
- Describe the mechanism of blood clotting.
- Describe the basic organization of the immune system, and distinguish between non-specific and specific resistance, and distinguish between cellular and humoral specific immunity.
- Describe the structure and function of the respiratory system and describe the transport of gases in the blood.
- Describe the basic requirements of human nutrition and describe the roles of various nutrients in the body.
- Describe the absorption, transport, storage and metabolic importance of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.
- Describe the gross anatomy of the digestive system and describe the digestion of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
- Describe energy metabolism, including the processes of glycolysis, Krebs Cycle and the electron transport chain.
- Describe the importance of oxygen in respiration and compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
- Describe the fluid and electrolyte composition of the body and explain how fluid and electrolyte balance is maintained.
- Describe the components of the urinary system and explain the process by which the kidney manufactures urine.
- Describe the considerations included in a typical urinalysis.
- Describe the structure and functioning of the male and female reproductive systems.
- Describe embryonic and foetal development and the changes which take place in the mother during foetal development and lactation.
- Describe the principles of genetics as they apply to humans and describe the mode of inheritance, and methods of in utero detection of common genetic abnormalities.
- Describe the structure and functioning of the major mammalian body systems using a dissected foetal pig as a model.
Textbook Materials
Students should consult the Douglas College Bookstore for the latest required textbooks and materials. For example, textbooks and materials may include:
Marieb, E.N & Hoehn, K. Human Anatomy & Physiology (Current Edition). Pearson Education Inc.
Douglas College produced manual: Biology 1203/1209: Human Anatomy and Physiology II.